dye

不是應該是先為了適應環境身體才作出變化的嗎?

No, please see link below for what evolution IS

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/0_0_0/evo_02

dye

In particular, here it answer your misconception about evolution.

I post it here for your easy reference

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/misconceps/IDtrying.shtml

Misconception: “Natural selection involves organisms ‘trying’ to adapt.”

Response: Natural selection leads to adaptation, but the process doesn’t involve “trying.” Natural selection involves genetic variation and selection among variants present in a population. Either an individual has genes that are good enough to survive and reproduce, or it does not—but it can’t get the right genes by “trying.”

AND

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/misconceps/IEneeds.shtml
Misconception: “Natural selection gives organisms what they ‘need.’ ”

Response: Natural selection has no intentions or senses; it cannot sense what a species “needs.” If a population happens to have the genetic variation that allows some individuals to survive a particular challenge better than others, then those individuals will have more offspring in the next generation, and the population will evolve. If that genetic variation is not in the population, the population may still survive (but not evolve much) or it may die out. But it will not be granted what it “needs” by natural selection.

dye

你明白以上後，

有關鳥類進化，見:

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/03/4/l_034_01.html

dye

「生物是因為為了適應大自然環境而作出適當的變化.
如人類身活在大熱天日曬高的地方,當地的居民皮膚會較黑,
好減少紫外線的傷害.
嘴唇較厚及頭髮短曲,較能散熱.
住在冰冷地方的人身體較能耐寒.
動物也可能會是一樣,
在水上生活的生物,慢慢適應並居住在陸地,」

你明白不，以上正正是進化論所反對的其中一種理論……
正論是
先有部份人較耐寒(隨機突變），而後天氣冷了把不耐寒的冷死(至少冷至生育力下降）……或
那群人擴闊了生活空間，活到冰冷地方去
(以上其中二種情况）

重點是先有隨機突變

dye

有關膚色，基本上黑色素可以「減少紫外線的傷害」，減少癌症
但黑色素也可以妨害維他命D的製造。

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男性乳頭上，請注意男性不是一個物種。

科普雜誌 SCIENTIFIC AMERICA 有以下解釋(給他4歲的女兒)

http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=why-do-men-have-nipples

(簡單說，因為女性有!)

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總的來說，請你先了解何為進化論

當中你誤解了至少以下

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/misconceps/IBladder.shtml

Misconception: “Evolution is like a climb up a ladder of progress; organisms are always getting better.”

Response: It is true that natural selection weeds out individuals that are unfit in a particular situation, but for evolution, “good enough” is good enough. No organism has to be perfect. For example, many taxa (like some mosses, protists, fungi, sharks, opossums, and crayfish) have changed little over great expanses of time. They are not marching up a ladder of progress. Rather, they are fit enough to survive and reproduce, and that is all that is necessary to ensure their existence.

Other taxa may have changed and diversified a great deal—but that doesn’t mean they got “better.” After all, climates change, rivers shift course, new competitors invade—and what was “better” a million years ago, may not be “better” today. What works “better” in one location might not work so well in another. Fitness is linked to environment, not to progress.

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/misconceps/IDtrying.shtml
Misconception: “Natural selection involves organisms ‘trying’ to adapt.”

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/misconceps/IEneeds.shtml
Misconception: “Natural selection gives organisms what they ‘need.’ ”

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/misconceps/IIBcrisis.shtml
Misconception: “Evolution is a theory in crisis and is collapsing as scientists lose confidence in it.”

Response: Scientists do not debate whether evolution (descent with modification) took place, but they do argue about how it took place. Details of the processes and mechanisms are vigorously debated. Antievolutionists may hear the debates about how evolution occurs and misinterpret them as debates about whether evolution occurs. Evolution is sound science and is treated accordingly by scientists and scholars worldwide.

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/ev ... IIDincomplete.shtml
Misconception: “Evolutionary theory is incomplete and is currently unable to give a total explanation of life.”

Response: Evolutionary science is a work in progress. New discoveries are made and explanations adjusted when necessary. And in this respect, evolution is just like all other sciences. Research continues to add to our knowledge. While we don’t know everything about evolution (or any other scientific discipline, for that matter), we do know a great deal about the history of life, the pattern of lineage-splitting through time, and the mechanisms that have caused these changes. And more will be learned in the future. To date, evolution is the only well-supported explanation for life’s diversity.

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/misconceps/IIEflawed.shtml
Misconception: “The theory of evolution is flawed, but scientists won’t admit it.”

Response: Scientists have examined the supposed “flaws” that creationists claim exist in evolutionary theory and have found no support for these claims. These “flaws” are based on misunderstandings of evolutionary theory or misrepresentations of evidence. Scientists continue to refine the theory of evolution, but that doesn’t mean it is “flawed.” Science is a very competitive endeavor and if “flaws” were discovered, scientists would be more than glad to point them out.

dye

請注意進化是自然過程。演化是有「得過且過」(「適者」生存，不是「強者」生存）的特色。

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/footshooting/IIIimpression.shtml

Survival of the fittest
A better way of expressing this idea is “survival of the fit enough.” Portraying nature as “red in tooth and claw,” wherein living things always engage in a life-or-death struggle against competitors grossly oversimplifies what is really going on. Many life forms get by for eons by existing in niches that other organisms are not suited for. For example, brine shrimp live in water that is unsuitable for potential aquatic enemies, and they apparently have no significant competitors for food.

而且演化是自然過程，具歷史性。不可7天造世的一步登天，每一個過程也要適者生存一番。

dye

如果你真的對膚色進化有興趣，見下面詳盡研究

http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/ ... skin_color_2000.pdf

（要了解自然，書是要讀的…）

dye

科學已有研究，為何不可參考研究成果?

對，學術討論本是充滿參考。不淮參考的討論區學術上不值一文。

dye

引圖好!

DA DA，恐龍的生命之樹(現代進化論)

dye

讀了

內容並不是說科學的不足，也不是說進化論。
只是一種表達方法(支序圖)的限制。

甚至根本沒有你說的內容
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原來你自己真的不先去看看自己的連結的。

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自己的連結的一開首便告訴你:

The manufacturing cladistics project is an EPSRC funded project (Project Grant #GR/M 08004), that aims to use biological classification tools of cladistics to analyse the evolution of manufacturing organisations. This project will deliver the knowledge required to determine coherent and appropriate action for the specification of change strategies, based on either best practice imitation (mimetic strategy) or the innovation of a new organisational form (normative strategy). Manufacturing managers and strategists will benefit, because this research will provide insights into organisational development which can systematically be applied to the planned development and reinforcement of organisational structures, strategies and processes for improving a manufacturing organisations effectiveness.

dye

http://motresearch.bus.sfu.ca/usingclad/intro.shtml

你條拎的序

http://motresearch.bus.sfu.ca/usingclad/limitations.shtml
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你讀書唔睇前文後理?

dye

deleted!!!!!!!!!!!!!