本帖最後由 淚兒 於 2010/7/27 23:04 編輯
http://bbs.xqbase.com/viewthread.php?tid=4825&fpage=1
維基叫
帥將General
The generals are labelled with the Chinese character 將 (trad.) / 将 (simp.)  jiàng (general) on the black side and 帥 (trad.) / 帅 (simp.) shuài (marshal) on the red side. According to legend, originally the pieces were known as emperors, but when an emperor of China heard about the game, he executed two players for "killing" or "capturing" the emperor piece. After that, players called them generals instead.[citation needed]
The general starts the game at the midpoint of the back edge (within the palace). The general may move one point either vertically or horizontally, but not diagonally. A general cannot move into a file which is occupied by the enemy general unless there is at least one piece positioned between the generals in the file. The general may not leave the palace.
仕士Advisor
The advisors (also known as guards or ministers, and less commonly as assistants, mandarins, or warriors) are labelled 士 shì ("scholar", "gentleman", "officer") for black and 仕 shì ("scholar", "official") for red. Rarely, sets use the character 士 for both colours.
The advisors start to the sides of the general. They move one point diagonally and may not leave the palace, which confines them to five points on the board. They serve to protect the general.
The advisor is probably derived from the mantri in Chaturanga, like the queen in Western chess.
士叫顧問，也是因為１４５３年左右，后的前身叫大臣，故現在士的英文也就跟舊西洋象棋般叫大臣（大臣在１４５３年左右被法國人砍掉重練成為現在的后）
相象Elephant
The elephants are labeled 象 xiàng (elephant) for black and 相 xiàng (minister) for red. They are located next to the advisors. These pieces move exactly two points diagonally and may not jump over intervening pieces. If an elephant is blocked by an intervening piece, it is known as "blocking the elephant's eye" (塞象眼). They may not cross the river; thus, they serve as defensive pieces
Because of an elephant's limited movement, it can be easily trapped or threatened. Typically the two elephants will be used to defend each other.
The Chinese characters for "minister" and "elephant" are homophones ( Listen) and both have alternative meanings as "appearance" or "image". However, both are referred to as elephants in the game.
馬Horse
The horses are labelled 馬 mǎ for black and 傌 mà for red in sets marked with Traditional Chinese characters and 马 mǎ for both black and red in sets marked with Simplified Chinese characters. Some traditional sets use 馬 for both colours. They begin the game next to the elephants. A horse moves one point vertically or horizontally and then one point diagonally away from its former position. The horse does not jump as the knight does in Western chess. Thus, if there were a piece lying on a point one point away horizontally or vertically from the horse, then the horse's path of movement is blocked and it is unable to move in that direction. Note, however, that a piece two points away horizontally or vertically or a piece a single point away diagonally would not impede the movement of the horse. A blocked horse is also known as "hobbling the horse's leg" (蹩馬腿). The diagram on the left illustrates the horse's movement.
Since horses can be blocked, it is sometimes possible to trap the opponent's horse. It is possible for one player's horse to attack the opponent's horse while the opponent's horse is blocked from attacking, as seen in the diagram on the right.
車Chariot
The chariots are labelled 車 for black and 俥 for red in sets marked with Traditional Chinese characters and 车 for both black and red in sets marked with Simplified Chinese characters. Some traditional sets use 車 for both colors. All of these characters are pronounced as jū. The chariot moves and captures vertically and horizontally any distance, and may not jump over intervening pieces. The chariots begin the game on the points at the corners of the board. The chariot is considered to be the strongest piece in the game.
The chariot is sometimes known as the "rook" by English speaking players, since it is like the rook in Western chess. Chinese players (and others) often call this piece a "car", since that is one modern meaning of the character 車.
有人習慣成自然，車的英文還是叫新兵(rook)．．．．橫衝直撞．．．．．．．．
炮砲Cannon
The cannons are labelled 砲 pào for black and 炮 pào for red. They are homophones. Sometimes 炮 is used for both red and black.
砲 pào means a "catapult" for hurling boulders. 炮 pào means "cannon". The 石 shì radical of 砲 means 'stone', and the 火 huǒ part of 炮 means 'fire'. However, both are normally referred to as cannons in English.
In Xiangqi, each player has two cannons. The cannons start on the row behind the soldiers, two points in front of the horses. Cannons move like the chariots, horizontally and vertically, but capture by jumping exactly one piece (whether it is friendly or enemy) over to its target. When capturing, the cannon is moved to the point of the captured piece. The cannon may not jump over intervening pieces if not capturing another piece. The piece which the cannon jumps over is called the 炮臺 (trad.) / 炮台 (simp.) pào tái ("cannon platform"). Any number of unoccupied spaces may exist between the cannon and the cannon platform, or between the cannon platform and the piece to be captured, including no spaces (the pieces being adjacent) in both cases. Cannons are powerful pieces at the beginning of the game when platforms are plentiful, and are used frequently in combination with chariots to achieve checkmate. Although cannons can be exchanged for a horse immediately from their starting positions, this is usually not favorable, in part due to the superiority of cannons over horses at the beginning of the game. The two cannons, when used together, can form a check that cannot be stopped easily. As they line up in the attack against the opposing general, the back cannon checks the general while the front cannon, serving as the platform, prohibits blocking for the opposing side. The opposing side can only move the general, capture the back cannon, or block between the two cannons.
兵卒Soldier
Each side has five soldiers, labelled 卒 zú (pawn/private) for black and 兵 bīng (soldier) for red. Soldiers are placed on alternating points, one row back from the edge of the river. They move and capture by advancing one point. Once they have crossed the river, they may also move (and capture) one point horizontally. Soldiers cannot move backward, and therefore cannot retreat; however, they may still move sideways at the enemy's edge.
The soldier is sometimes known as the "pawn" by English speaking players, since it is similar to that piece in Western chess.兵卒不如叫列兵會不會更形象呢?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiangqi
Xiangqi game pieces dated to the Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD)
Piece names
All languages use different names for the pieces..
In German a Pawn is called 'Baur' (farmer), a Knight 'Springer' (jumper/leaper), a Bishop 'Laufer' (runner) and a Rook 'Turm' (tower).
In Dutch we call a Knight 'Paard' (= horse). A Bishop is called 'Loper' (walker) or 'Raadsheer' (= counsellor, adviser), and a Queen 'Dame' (lady).
In Spanish a Bishop is called 'Alfil', which is not a Spanish word, but is Arabic for Elephant.
Of couse 'Rook' is also not really an English word; it is the ancient Persian word for 'Chariot'. That this piece is depicted as a castle, is the fault of the Italians: they confused the word with Italian 'Rocca', which means 'fortress'. Of course it is pretty ridiculous to have a castle running over the battle field...
那麼又出現一個問題了
傌和俥；碼和硨
這四字，古時是不是就已常用呢？
抑或只是現在才有的呢？ |
2010/7/24 23:24
| 
,故國內的象棋兩方用炮原因如此