沙文

而家係進化論吖嘛，啲客就係buy一路賣一路進化，你吹咩？

沙文

即如好似貴教都係咁啦，初初連耶穌自己都唔知原來天主係3位1嘅，後來有識之士發現這個真理，幾經磋商先致開會敲定。有新發現就admend先前的認知，宗教同科學都係咁L樣進化。貴教連核心教義都係咁，何況只係timeline小小adjustment。

沙文

貴教搬嘅又唔止係31核心教義，連關我叉事sect都可以好似3成天使咁搬走埋。進化見貴教珠玉在前，咁就梗係可以有様學樣,一有新發現就搬完又搬當食生菜

沙文

學，都要有人教嘅。我都未閙你哋教壞進化論。應該等全球所有一切化石出L曬土先至好發表吖嘛

沙文

仲有一個收埋喺聖經嘅進化秘密: 點解人類生仔特別麻X煩

又對女人說、我必多多加增你懷胎的苦楚、你生產兒女必多受苦楚．

其實啲作經佬對現實係有一啲觀察嘅, 都唔係完全靠老作嘅

沙文

搬龍門, 都係你叻,將個龍門搬入去佢唔應該喺嘅地方

沙文

16天主於是造了兩個大光體：較大的控制白天，較小的控制黑夜，並造了星宿。
17天主將星宿擺列在天空，照耀大地，

既然泰臣提起, 我又試下問, 原來, 其實嗰個較小光體同夜晚黑根本冇關係

• New Moon Phase: A moonless night usually happens during the new moon, when the Moon sits between Earth and the Sun.
• Daytime Position: During this phase, the illuminated side of the Moon faces away from Earth (or faces the Sun), meaning the Moon rises and sets with the Sun and is mostly visible during the day.
• Orbital Timing: As the lunar cycle shifts past a full moon, the Moon rises later each night, which can also create periods of darkness or low visibility on the horizon

沙文

有時, 較小光體唔理天主嘅安排, 撈過界

Seeing the sun and moon together in the sky happens because of the Moon's independent orbit around Earth and Earth's rotation on its axis.



Why It Happens (Science)

• Orbital Position: The Moon takes about 29.5 days to orbit Earth. During this cycle, it spends roughly half the month in the daytime sky and half in the nighttime sky.
• Phase Visibility: You can see a daytime moon (such as a half-moon or crescent) because the sunlit side of the Moon faces Earth while both bodies are above the horizon.
• Syzygy: When the Sun, Moon, and Earth align in a straight line, it is called syzygy. A conjunction happens at the New Moon (when they are on the same side of Earth), and an opposition happens at the Full Moon.
• Solar Eclipses: The most direct moment the Sun and Moon overlap in the sky is during a solar eclipse, when the Moon passes directly between Earth and the Sun.

沙文

天主係咪又係好似管唔掂佢自己夥記咁，又管唔住小光體呢？天主都有幾多嘢管唔掂喎？

沙文

於是我又多口問句According to the 50/500 rule or a Population Viability Analysis, how could species to grow into a large population starting from just one male and one female?

According to the 50/500 rule or a Population Viability Analysis, how species to grow into a large population starting from just one male and one female?


While a population can successfully rebuild from a single pair, the genetic and environmental hurdles make the odds heavily stacked against long-term survival.

The 50/500 Rule Barriers
The 50/500 rule is a guideline used by conservation biologists to define the Minimum Viable Population (MVP) required for a species to survive:

• The 50 Rule (Short-term survival): A minimum effective population of 50 individuals is needed to avoid severe inbreeding depression. Starting with just two individuals means 100% inbreeding in the next generation, which often triggers fatal genetic defects, low fertility, and high infant mortality.
• The 500 Rule (Long-term adaptation): A minimum of 500 individuals is needed to maintain enough genetic diversity for the species to adapt to changing environments, new diseases, or climate shifts. A single pair has no genetic backup plan.

What a Population Viability Analysis (PVA) Shows
A PVA is a computer simulation that calculates a species' likelihood of extinction over time. If you input a starting population of one male and one female (\(N=2\)), the model will show a near-total probability of extinction due to three main vulnerabilities:

• Genetic Drift: Harmful mutations quickly become locked into the gene pool because there are no healthy alternate genes to mask them.
• Demographic Stochasticity: Random bad luck in birth rates or sex ratios can end the lineage immediately. For example, if the first pair only produces male offspring, the population goes extinct in one generation.
• Environmental Shocks: A single disease outbreak, harsh winter, or predator attack can instantly wipe out the entire population before it has a chance to expand.

could human population possibly started with 2 ancestors?



From a strict scientific and genetic standpoint, the current global human population did not and could not have started from just two ancestors. While it is a popular theme in historical and religious narratives, mapping modern human DNA shows that our species arose from an entire population of ancestors, never narrowing down to a single pair. [1, 2]


What the Genetic Evidence Shows
Population geneticists trace our history by looking at the diversity of alleles (gene variations) across the globe today. [1]

• The Four-Allele Limit: Any single person can only carry a maximum of two variations of a specific gene (one from each parent). Therefore, a single founding pair can hold a maximum of four distinct variations of any gene to pass down. [1, 2]
  
• Modern Diversity: In modern humans, many of our genes exist in dozens or even hundreds of different variations across the global population. [1, 2]
  
• The Math: For all of that modern genetic diversity to have evolved from just four original alleles, the human mutation rate would have to be thousands of times faster than what is biologically possible. [1]
  

How Small Did the Human Population Actually Get?
While humans did not start from two people, our ancestors did survive some incredibly severe population bottlenecks where we came shockingly close to extinction: [1, 2]

• The Great Pleistocene Crash (~900,000 years ago): Recent genomic studies indicate that an ancient human ancestral species suffered a catastrophic population crash. The number of breeding individuals plummeted from roughly 100,000 down to just ~1,280 individuals. Our ancestors lived in this microscopic population bottleneck for over 100,000 years before recovering. [1, 2]
  
• The Toba Bottleneck (~70,000 years ago): Around the time early Homo sapiens were migrating out of Africa, environmental shifts (potentially accelerated by the supervolcanic eruption of Mount Toba) restricted the breeding population to roughly 10,000 to 15,000 individuals, leaving modern humans with remarkably low genetic diversity compared to other primates like chimpanzees. [1]
  

What About "Mitochondrial Eve" and "Y-Chromosomal Adam"?
You may have heard scientific terms that sound like a single ancestral pair, but they are often misunderstood:

• Mitochondrial Eve is the single woman from whom all living humans inherit their mitochondrial DNA (passed strictly from mother to child).
  
• Y-Chromosomal Adam is the single man from whom all living men inherit their Y-chromosome (passed strictly from father to son). [1, 2]
  

Crucially, they were not a married couple, and they did not live at the same time. Mitochondrial Eve lived roughly 150,000 to 200,000 years ago, while Y-Chromosomal Adam lived much later (roughly 60,000 to 90,000 years ago). Furthermore, they were not the only humans alive during their respective eras. They lived among thousands of other humans; their specific maternal and paternal genetic lineages simply happened to outlast everyone else's over thousands of generations. [1, 2]

沙文

根據經文, 人就係由兩個開始。其他動物就冇講明一開波係整咗幾多, 但係方舟嘅時候, 多數動物都係一公一乸,雀仔就七公七乸。
7:2 凡潔淨的畜類、你要帶七公七母．不潔淨的畜類、你要帶一公一母．
7:3 空中的飛鳥、也要帶七公七母、可以留種、活在全地上、
洪水之後, 地球嘅生物就係靠咁樣restart.

國際自然保護聯盟（IUCN）的評估標準:

極危 Critically Endangered  <50隻
瀕危 Endangered <250隻
易危 Vulnerable <1,000隻

即是全世界動物, 包括人類都係極危品種。  唔知點解全部近親繁殖都可以咁旺丁旺財?

沙文

呢個誤譯嘅宗教, 誤譯嘅地方執豆咁執

7:2由一切潔淨牲畜中，各取公母七對；由那些不潔淨的牲畜中，各取公母一對；
7:2 凡潔淨的畜類、你要帶七公七母．不潔淨的畜類、你要帶一公一母．

其實天主上帝係話:
“Of every clean beast thou shalt take to thee by sevens, the male and his female: and of beasts that are not clean by two, the male and his female.”

beasts, 通常係指四隻腳哺乳類, 畜類係要有人養嗰啲先至會咁叫

沙文

而番文嘅beast係咪譯得妥當呢? 唔知版友有咩講解, 希伯來原文點點點點.........
Animal vs beast
AI Overview
An animal is a broad biological classification for any living, multicellular organism of the kingdom Animalia (ranging from microscopic insects to blue whales), whereas a beast is a more specific or figurative term usually reserved for large, four-footed, wild, or dangerous mammals (such as lions or wolves).

English Language Learners Stack Exchange
+3
Key Differences
Biological Scope:
Animal: Refers scientifically or generally to any member of the animal kingdom, including birds, fish, reptiles, insects, and humans (biologically).
Beast: Usually means a large, non-human mammal. It is not a formal scientific category.

Dictionary.com
+2
Size and Demeanor:
Animal: Neutral term with no inherent suggestion of size, temperament, or threat level.
Beast: Frequently implies a large size and a wild, formidable, or ferocious nature (e.g., beast of prey). It can also mean a working farm animal like an ox (e.g., beast of burden).





即係咁, 你唔會叫四腳蛇做beast㗎嘛?